In real estate, what distinguishes a "fixture" from "personal property"?

A fixture is an item that was once personal property but has been permanently attached to or integrated into real estate, making it part of the property itself. This distinction is crucial in real estate transactions because fixtures are included in the sale of a property, while personal property is not typically included unless specifically stated. Understanding this distinction is essential for buyers and sellers since it affects what is transferred in a sale.

When a property is sold, any fixtures remain with the property, ensuring that the new owner retains important items such as built-in appliances, lighting, or heating systems. In contrast, personal property, such as furniture or electronics, is considered separate from the real estate and would not automatically transfer to the new owner unless explicitly included in the sale agreement. This clarification helps individuals navigate property transactions and avoid potential disputes over what is or isn't included in a sale.